https://youtube.com/shorts/phF3kD_YUJA?si=xLpvAdiWUtOFiZQg

Korean has two similar but different particles:

💎 이/가 = Subject marker

⭐️ 은/는 = Topic marker (Contextual particle)

They both attach to nouns, but the function and meaning are different. Let’s break it down into 3 key differences:

1. New Info vs Known Info

💎 이/가 is used when introducing something for the first time.

⭐️ 은/는 is used when the information is already known or has been mentioned.

Example:

💎 저기 강아지가 있어요. → There is a dog.

⭐️ 그 강아지는 순해요. → The dog is gentle.

2. Neutral Statement vs Contrast

💎  이/가 gives a neutral fact.

⭐️ 은/는 often shows contrast.

Example:

💎 한나가 집에 왔어요. → Hannah came home. (just a fact)

⭐️ 한나는 집에 왔어요. → Hannah came home. (but others didn’t).